
In light of the European energy security crisis prompted by the War in Ukraine, this report provides an in-depth analysis of Russian involvement in North African oil and gas industries, focusing on five ongoing upstream projects across Algeria, Libya, and Egypt.

Since 2017, Russia has become increasingly involved in the affairs of the Central African Republic (CAR). A recent agreement between the two countries granted the Russian mining company "Lobaye Invest" exclusive mineral rights to ore deposits throughout the country. Activity in these sites has resulted in observable environmental degradation in the mining permit areas.